Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is a type of peritoneal dialysis that allows patients with chronic kidney failure to remove waste products and excess fluids from their bodies without the use of a machine. Instead, CAPD utilizes the body’s own peritoneal membrane, a natural lining of the abdomen, as a filter. This form of dialysis offers greater flexibility and independence, as patients can perform the treatment manually throughout the day, typically four times, without the need for a clinical setting or special equipment. Each session, called an exchange, involves filling the abdominal cavity with a sterile dialysate solution through a permanent catheter. The solution stays in the abdomen for several hours, allowing toxins and excess fluid to pass from the blood vessels in the peritoneal lining into the dialysate. After the dwell period, the solution is drained and replaced with fresh fluid.
CAPD is performed manually by the patient, making it a truly ambulatory therapy that can be done at home, work, or any clean environment. Each exchange usually takes around 30–40 minutes, and the dwell period lasts between four to six hours depending on the prescribed schedule. The process is simple and does not require electricity or machinery, making it especially beneficial for individuals who prefer treatment flexibility or have limited access to dialysis centers. CAPD also maintains a more constant removal of toxins and fluid, which can provide better stability in blood pressure and electrolyte balance compared to intermittent hemodialysis.
The effectiveness of CAPD depends on maintaining proper hygiene, as the peritoneal catheter provides a direct route into the body. Preventing infections such as peritonitis is crucial and requires training in sterile techniques. Patients who choose CAPD receive comprehensive education from healthcare providers on how to perform exchanges safely, recognize symptoms of infection, and care for their catheter site. Regular follow-ups help ensure that the dialysis is working effectively and allow adjustments to the dialysate composition or schedule.
CAPD offers several advantages, including greater mobility, fewer dietary restrictions, and a more stable lifestyle. It is particularly beneficial for elderly patients, children, and individuals who cannot tolerate hemodialysis due to heart-related issues. However, it may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with abdominal surgeries or conditions affecting the peritoneum. Overall, CAPD is an effective, patient-centered dialysis option that promotes independence and enhances quality of life for individuals with chronic kidney failure.
