The insertion of acute hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis catheters is a critical procedure performed for patients who require immediate renal replacement therapy due to acute kidney injury, severe fluid overload, toxin ingestion, or rapidly worsening renal failure. These catheters provide temporary access to the bloodstream or peritoneal cavity, enabling life-saving dialysis treatment until kidney function recovers or long-term access is planned. Acute hemodialysis catheters are typically inserted into large central veins such as the internal jugular, femoral, or subclavian veins, ensuring adequate blood flow for efficient dialysis. The procedure is performed under strict aseptic conditions, often with ultrasound guidance, to enhance accuracy and reduce complications.
During the insertion of an acute hemodialysis catheter, the patient is placed in a comfortable position, and the insertion site is sterilized. Local anesthesia is administered to minimize discomfort. Using real-time ultrasound, the vein is punctured with a needle, followed by placement of a guidewire, dilators, and finally the catheter. Once secured, the catheter is connected to the dialysis machine for treatment. This type of access allows rapid initiation of hemodialysis and is ideal for emergency situations. After placement, catheter care is essential to prevent infections, clotting, and malfunction.
Peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion is another important procedure for patients who can benefit from peritoneal dialysis, especially those who prefer home-based treatment or those who may not tolerate hemodialysis. The catheter is placed into the peritoneal cavity through the abdominal wall, allowing dialysis fluid to enter and exit the abdomen. This fluid absorbs waste products and excess water through the peritoneal membrane, acting as a natural filter. The procedure may be performed at the bedside, in a minor procedure room, or in the operating theatre, depending on the patient’s condition.
During the peritoneal catheter insertion, the abdomen is cleaned and draped. Local or general anesthesia may be used. A small incision is made, and the catheter is carefully inserted into the peritoneal cavity using a tunneling technique to reduce infection risk. After confirming correct placement, the catheter is secured, and initial flushing is performed. Proper care, hygiene, and training are provided to the patient or caregiver to ensure safe and effective long-term use.
Both acute hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis catheter insertions play a vital role in managing kidney failure. With proper technique and care, they provide reliable access for dialysis, helping stabilize the patient’s condition and support recovery.
