Polyuria refers to the excessive production of urine—typically more than 3 liters per day in adults. Treatment of polyuria focuses on identifying and correcting the underlying cause rather than only reducing urine output. Proper evaluation includes medical history, fluid intake assessment, blood tests, and urine analysis. Once the reason is determined, a targeted management plan is made.
The first step in treatment is modifying fluid intake. Many individuals unknowingly consume excessive water or caffeinated beverages, which can worsen polyuria. Advising patients to regulate their fluid consumption, avoid unnecessary overhydration, and reduce caffeine or alcohol helps significantly. In cases of psychogenic polydipsia, behavioral therapy, supervised fluid restriction, and addressing psychological factors are important.
If polyuria is caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, treatment involves stabilizing blood glucose levels. This may include starting or adjusting oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin therapy, dietary changes, regular monitoring, and lifestyle modification. Controlled blood sugar instantly reduces osmotic diuresis and helps bring urine output back to normal levels.
Polyuria caused by Diabetes Insipidus (DI) requires a different approach. In central DI, where the body lacks antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the main treatment is Desmopressin, a synthetic hormone that helps kidneys retain water. It can be given as a nasal spray, oral tablet, or injection. In nephrogenic DI, where kidneys do not respond to ADH, management includes low-salt and low-protein diet, thiazide diuretics, and sometimes NSAIDs like indomethacin. Treating underlying causes such as hypercalcemia or hypokalemia is essential.
When polyuria results from medications—such as diuretics—treatment involves adjusting the dose, switching drugs, or changing the timing of intake under medical supervision.
Polyuria may also be associated with kidney disorders. Managing electrolyte imbalances, treating urinary tract infections, controlling blood pressure, and addressing renal disease progression help reduce urinary frequency and volume. In cases of chronic kidney disease, careful fluid management under a nephrologist’s guidance is crucial.
Lifestyle measures also play a supportive role. This includes maintaining healthy hydration habits, avoiding excessive salt, following a balanced diet, and minimizing bladder-irritating beverages. Monitoring urine output and keeping a fluid chart helps track improvements.
